Frázová slovesa
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| come up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | (encounter: opposition, obstacle) (problémům) | čelit ned |
| | (problém) | narazit na dok + předl |
| | The work is behind schedule because we came up against some unexpected problems. |
| come up against [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (compete with [sb]) (ve sportu apod.) | střetnout se s dok + předl |
| | (ve sportu apod.) | nastoupit proti dok + předl |
| | Davies will come up against last year's champion in the semi-final of the competition. |
| demonstrate against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (protest publicly about) | demonstrovat proti, protestovat proti ned + předl |
| | Protesters are demonstrating against the government. |
| go against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (not comply with) | být proti ned + předl |
| | | odporovat dok |
| | If you go against his wishes, he will make things difficult for you. |
| | Jestli mu budeš odporovat, bude ti dělat problémy. |
| go against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (be in opposition to) | jít proti dok + předl |
| | To go against the mob takes courage. |
| | Jít proti všem chce odvahu. |
| guard against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (prevent) | chránit před ned + předl |
| | Wear a sunhat to guard against sunburn. |
| hold [sth] against [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (resent [sb] for [sth]) | zazlívat ned |
| | They still hold my past mistakes against me. |
| | Ještě pořád mi zazlívají mé chyby z minulosti. |
| hold out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (continue to resist) | odolávat ned |
| | | vzdorovat ned |
| | The remote mountain village held out against the foreign armies. |
| | I'm holding out against joining Facebook. |
| kick against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (rebel against or resist) | bouřit se proti ned + předl |
| | | vzepřít se dok |
| | Jesse has always had a tendency to kick against authority. |
| march against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (demonstrate, protest about) | demonstrovat proti ned + předl |
| | | pochodovat proti ned + předl |
| | The protesters went to Washington to march against increased taxes. |
| rise up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (revolt, protest) | povstat proti dok + předl |
| | The oppressed people will rise up against their autocratic government. |
| run up against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal 3-part | (face challenge) (problém) | narazit na dok + předl |
| | The explorers ran up against some serious problems when the weather suddenly worsened. |
| set [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep | (cause to oppose [sb] or [sth]) | poštvat proti dok + předl |
| | Please don't set him against me by spreading rumors that I talk about him behind his back. |
| set [sth] against [sth] vtr phrasal sep | (contrast with) | postavit do kontrastu dok, fráze |
| | | porovnat s dok + předl |
| | This amount of money looks very small if you set it against what we spend each year on marketing. |
| speak out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (state one's opposition to) | protestovat proti ned + předl |
| | | vystupovat proti ned + předl |
| | Many people speak out against domestic violence. |
| stand up against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (oppose actively) | povstat proti dok + předl |
| | | postavit se proti dok + předl |
| | We must stand up against racism. |
| stand up against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (withstand: wear, stress) | odolat vůči dok + předl |
| | Concrete construction is used in the tropics because it will stand up against hurricanes and insects. |
Složené tvary
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| advise against [sth] vi + prep | (warn [sth] is unwise) | varovat před ned + předl |
| | I'd advise against that course of action. |
| advise against doing [sth] v expr | (warn not to do [sth]) | varovat před ned + předl |
| | I'd advise against travelling alone in the desert. |
| advise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (warn [sb] [sth] is unwise) | varovat před ned + předl |
| | I'd advise you against that approach, which can be costly. |
| advise [sb] against doing [sth] v expr | (warn [sb] not to do [sth]) | varovat před ned + předl |
| | I'd advise you against sailing today; the weather is turning nasty. |
| against all odds adv | (highly improbably) | oproti očekávání předl + s |
| | Julie fell out of the moving train. She survived against all odds. |
balance [sth] with [sth],
balance [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (offset) | vyvažovat ned |
| | Mindy balanced her long hours at work with a visit to the spa. |
| | Mindy dlouhé hodiny strávené v práci vyvažovala návštěvami lázní. |
| battle against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (strenuously oppose) (něčemu) | bojovat proti ned + předl |
| | (něčemu) | vést boj proti ned, fráze |
| | He battled in vain against the factory closures. |
| battle against [sb] vi + prep | figurative (strenuously oppose) (někým) | bojovat s ned + předl |
| | (někým) | vést boj s ned, fráze |
| | (někomu) | postavit se dok |
| | Ed Miliband battled against his brother David for leadership of the Labour party. |
| bear false witness against [sb] v expr | (Bible: lie about [sb]) (Bible) | křivě svědčit přísl + ned |
| | (Bible) | vydat křivé svědectví dok, fráze |
| | You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. |
| bear witness against [sb] v expr | (testify) | svědčit proti ned + předl |
| | A wife cannot be forced to bear witness against her husband. |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | (wager against [sth]) | sázet proti ned + předl |
| | | vsadit proti dok + předl |
| | Oscar lost his money because he bet against the winning horse. |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (assume [sth] will fail) | sázet proti ned + předl |
| | | vsadit proti dok + předl |
| | I wouldn't bet against his getting the promotion. |
| bias against [sth/sb] n | (prejudice: against) | předsudky vůči m mn + předl |
| | | zaujatost vůči ž + předl |
| | The manager was fired because of his bias against women. |
| | Manažer dostal padáka kvůli jeho předsudkům vůči ženám. |
| bias [sb] against [sb/sth]⇒ vtr | (prejudice [sb] against) | vyvolat zaujatost vůči dok, fráze |
| | The media may have biased people against voting for Taylor. |
bring [sth],
bring [sth] against [sb]⇒ vtr | (legal: put [sth] forward) (právně) | předložit dok |
| | She brought a lawsuit against her employer. |
| buck against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (reject, oppose) | vzepřít se proti dok + předl |
| | | postavit se proti dok + předl |
| | Congress bucked against the president's proposal. |
| butt up against [sth] v expr | (be adjacent to) | hraničit s, sousedit s ned + předl |
| | The decorative moulding butts up against the door. |
| campaign against [sth] vi + prep | (protest against [sth]) | vést kampaň proti ned, fráze |
| | The Abolitionists were campaigning against the slave trade. |
| | Abolicionisté vedly kampaň proti obchodování s otroky. |
| caution against [sth] vi + prep | (warn against [sth]) | varovat ned |
| | The doctor cautioned against eating too many sweets. |
| compete against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (sports, competition: try to beat) | soupeřit s, soupeřit proti ned + předl |
| | Edwards will be competing against some of the best athletes in the world. |
| | Edwards bude soupeřit proti některým z nejlepších atletů světa. |
| contend against [sb] vi + prep | formal (oppose, esp. legally) | podat odpor dok + m |
| count against [sb] vi + prep | (be detrimental) (přeneseně) | mluvit v neprospěch ned, fráze |
| | | přitížit dok |
| | His criminal record will count against him when he starts applying for jobs. |
dash [sth] against [sth],
dash [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep | (throw [sth] against) | mrštit o dok + předl |
| | Janet dashed the plate against the wall. |
| | Janet mrštila talířem o zeď. |
| dash against [sth] vi + prep | (strike) | narážet proti ned + předl |
| | Waves dashed against the shore. |
| dead against [sb/sth] adj + prep | informal (totally opposed to) | rozhodně proti, zcela proti přísl + předl |
| | I wanted to go to Art School, but my parents were dead against it. |
| decide against doing [sth] v expr | (choose not to) (něco neudělat) | rozhodnout se ne- dok + předp |
| | I decided against going on holiday this year, since I had just lost my job. |
| | Rozhodla jsem se nejet letos na dovolenou, protože jsem přišla o práci. |
declare war on [sb/sth],
declare war against [sb/sth] v expr | (state intention to make war with) (komu) | vyhlásit válku dok + ž |
| | France declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870. |
| | On July 28th 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. |
| discriminate against [sb] vi + prep | (show prejudice against) (koho) | diskriminovat ned |
| | It is illegal to discriminate against someone because of his or her age. |
| fight against [sth] vi + prep | (contend) | bojovat proti ned + předl |
| | | vést boj proti ned, fráze |
| | He fought against the new regulations. |
| guard against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be cautious) | být ve střehu před ned, fráze |
| | | dávat pozor na ned, fráze |
| | The travel agent had warned Beth to guard against pickpockets when she traveled abroad. |
immunize [sb] against [sth],
also UK: immunise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (vaccinate [sb] against [sth]) | očkovat proti ned + předl |
| | Children in the U.S. are all immunized against polio. |
| indemnify [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (insure: against [sth]) | pojistit proti dok + předl |
| inveigh against [sth] vi + prep | formal (attack or criticize [sb] verbally) | ostře vystupovat proti ned, fráze |
| | The priest inveighed against premarital sex. |
labor against [sth] (US),
labour against [sth] (UK) vi + prep | (work to prevent) (přen.: pracovat ve snaze zabránit) | bojovat proti ned + předl |
| | We must continue to labor against this discrimination. |
| | Musíme i nadále bojovat proti diskriminaci. |
| lean against [sth] vi + prep | (for support) (tělem) | opřít se o dok + předl |
| | He felt dizzy and had to lean against the wall for support. |
| lean [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (prop: [sth] up on [sth]) | zapřít o, opřít o dok + předl |
| | The thief leaned his ladder against the wall of the house. |
| lean against [sth] vi + prep | (be propped against [sth]) | opírat se o ned + předl |
| | | být opřený o ned, fráze |
| | The board is leaning against the wall. |
| measure [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | figurative (compare) | porovnávat ned |
| | | srovnávat ned |
| | | poměřovat ned |
| | The new president's success would always be measured against his predecessor's. |
| | Úspěch nového prezidenta bude vždy porovnáván s jeho předchůdci. |
| measure against [sth] vi + prep | (compare) (v porovnání s jiným) | stát si ned |
| | | vést si ned |
| | He tested his skill to see how he measures against the competition. |
| | Vyzkoušel svoje schopnosti, aby viděl, jak si stojí v porovnání s konkurencí. |
| nestle against [sb/sth] vi + prep | (get cosy) | tulit se k ned + předl |
| | | přitulit se k dok + předl |
| | | uvelebit se s dok + předl |
| | The baby bird nestled against his mother. |
| | Ptáče se tulilo ke své matce. |
| nestle [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (body part: press closely) | zabořit do dok + předl |
| | | opřít o dok + předl |
| | Ben nestled his chin against his girlfriend's shoulder. |
| | Jirka zabořil bradu do ramene své přítelkyně. |
| | Jirka si opřel bradu o rameno své přítelkyně. |
| nuzzle⇒ vtr | (snuggle up) | přitulit se dok |
| | | lísat se ned |
| | The little boy nuzzled against his mother's neck. |
| offend against [sth] vi + prep | (violate values, rules) | provinit se proti dok + předl |
| offset [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (counterbalance [sth] with [sth]) | vyvážit dok |
| | You can offset any loss you make in a year against your profits. |
| pit [sb/sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (set to compete or fight) (ve sportovním utkání atd.) | svést dohromady dok + přísl |
| | (ve sportovním utkání apod.) | postavit proti sobě dok, fráze |
| | This match pits the titleholder against a complete unknown. |
| pitted against [sb] adj + prep | (in competition with) (v soutěži) | postavit proti dok + předl |
| | (komu v soutěži) | stavět proti ned + předl |
| prejudice against [sb/sth] n | (bias: hostility) (názor) | předsudek m |
| | We should distinguish between prejudice against people and active discrimination. |
| prejudice [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (make hostile to) | znepřátelit dok |
| | The influence of the extreme right wing has prejudiced the party's more moderate elements against ethnic minorities. |
| prejudice [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (bias against) (názor negativně) | ovlivnit dok |
| | The negative reports have prejudiced public opinion against the actor. |
| press charges against [sb] v expr | (accuse [sb] formally) (někoho) | zažalovat dok |
| | The mining company pressed charges against the strikers. |
| proof against [sth] adj + prep | (protected) | odolný proti příd + předl |
| | | zabezpečený proti příd + předl |
| | It seems that nothing on the internet is proof against determined hackers. |
protest,
protest about [sth],
protest against [sth] vi + prep | (complain about) | protestovat ned |
| | | stěžovat si ned |
| | The staff protested about having to work on a public holiday. |
| race against time n | (urgent task) | závod proti času |
| | We're in a race against time: the deadline's close of business today! |
| rage against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be angry about) | zuřit kvůli ned + předl |
| | | být rozlobený kvůli ned, fráze |
| | The villagers raged against the proposed new housing development. |
rail,
rail (against) vi | (criticise harshly) | nadávat ned |
| react against [sth] vi + prep | (respond negatively to [sth]) | vzepřít se dok |
| | Martha reacted against her parents' strict morals by becoming a rebel. |
redeem [sth] for [sth],
redeem [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (coupon: exchange for) (kupon) | vyměnit dok |
| | Roberta redeemed a voucher for a bottle of wine at the supermarket. |
| revolt against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (rebel, protest) | protestovat proti ned + předl |
| | | vzepřít se proti dok + předl |
| | The students revolted against the school's new dress code. |
| rise against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (resist, protest against) | povstat proti dok + předl |
| | The slaves plan to rise against their masters. |
secure [sth],
secure [sth] against [sth],
secure [sth] from [sth]⇒ vtr | (fasten) (pás apod.) | zapnout dok |
| | Please secure your seatbelts before takeoff. |
| | Před odletem si prosím zapněte bezpečnostní pásy. |
set [sth] in [sth],
set [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | often passive (locate, place: story) (přeneseně: příběh do prostředí) | zasadit dok |
| | Helena set her story against the backdrop of the Second World War. |
| | The novel is set in 19th-century Paris. |
| slap against [sth] vi + prep | (hit with slapping noise) | plácat o ned + předl |
| | | pleskat o ned + předl |
| | The waves were slapping against the rocks. |
slap [sth] on [sth],
slap [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (bring down sharply) (silou položit) | bouchnout dok |
| | (silou položit) | třísknout dok |
| | The teacher slapped the book against the desk to get the class's attention. |
| stack [sth] against [sb] vtr + prep | figurative, often passive (weight [sth] unfairly) | nahromadit dok |
| | | nakupit dok |
| | He realised sadly that the odds were stacked against him. |
| strain against [sth] vi + prep | (pull with force) (silou) | táhnout za, tahat za ned + předl |
| | | napínat ned |
| | The animal strained against the rope. |
| | Zvíře tahalo za lano. |
take a stand against [sth/sb],
make a stand against [sth/sb] v expr | (maintain opinion against opposition) | postavit se proti dok + předl |
| | Are you going to take a stand against the government's crackdown on the press? |
| testify against [sb] vi + prep | (give evidence that incriminates) | svědčit proti ned + předl |
| | Even though she knew her husband was guilty, she was unwilling to testify against him in the trial. |
| turn against [sb] vi + prep | figurative (become hostile to) (někomu) | obrátit se proti dok + předl |
| | (někomu) | postavit se proti dok + předl |
| | The dog inexplicably turned against his owner and had to be put down. |
| turn [sb] against [sb] vtr + prep | (prejudice [sb] against [sb]) | obrátit proti dok + předl |
| | (hovor., přen.) | naočkovat proti dok + předl |
| | The family turned her against me. |
| | Rodina ji obrátila proti mně. |
| | Rodina ji proti mně naočkovala. |
| unite against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (join forces to oppose) | spojit se proti, sjednotit se proti dok + předl |
| | | spojit síly proti dok, fráze |
| | All people should unite against the injustices of their government. |
| up against prep | (in competition with) (soupeření) | proti předl |
| | Tomorrow you'll be up against the toughest team in the league. |
| up against prep | (difficulty: confronted by) | - |
| | We're up against some serious problems, but I think we can finish the job anyway. |
| | Čelíme vážným problémům, ale myslím si, že ten úkol stejně dokončíme. |
| vaccinate [sb/sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (inoculate against disease) | očkovat ned |
| | | nechat očkovat dok + ned |
| | Parents need to vaccinate their children against the measles. |
| warn [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (caution) | pokárat, napomenout dok |
| | He warned his son against that kind of behaviour. |
| | Pokáral (or: napomenul) svého syna za takové chování. |
| weigh [sth/sb] up against [sth/sb] v expr | (compare, contrast) | porovnat s dok + předl |
| | | porovnávat s, srovnávat s ned |
| | Lucy weighed up the job she had been offered in New York against the one in Paris. |